+ Page 1 + --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ####### ######## ######## ########### ### ### ## ### ## # ### # Interpersonal Computing and ### ### ## ### ## ### Technology: ### ### ## ### ### An Electronic Journal for ### ######## ### ### the 21st Century ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ## ### ISSN: 1064-4326 ### ### ### ## ### April, 1995 ####### ### ######## ### Volume 3, Number 2, pp.1-11 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Published by the Center for Teaching and Technology, Academic Computer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057 Additional support provided by the Center for Academic Computing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 This article is archived as CONTENTS IPCTV3N2 on LISTSERV@GUVM (LISTSERV@GUVM.GEORGETOWN.EDU) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Letter from the Publisher and Editor 2. Retrieval Instructions for Articles 3. Table of Contents and Abstracts 4. Editorial Board 5. Copyright Statement --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Letter from the Publisher It is with deepest regrets that I announce the death of Gerald M. Phillips. As the first Editor of IPCT Journal, he served with distinction and guided us through a successful start-up with integrity. Before his passing last month, Dr. Phillips recommended to me that Susan Barnes become editor next year at the end of Gerry's tenure as Journal Editor. It is unfortunate that the transition came early. Still, I am confident that Dr. Barnes will continue all the good things GMP started, and help guide us as the journal changes in the future in the same tradition we have become accustom. Following is a letter from the IPCT Journal's new editor, Dr. Susan Barnes. Goodbye, Gerry. I join the editors and many others in saying that I indeed miss your sage advice and comforting confidence... Zane L. Berge, Publisher BERGE@GUVAX.ACC.GEORGETOWN.EDU + Page 2 + =================================================================== Letter from the New Editor: Connecting on the Internet Making connections through the internet is a key feature of this technology. It is also a topic that I frequently discussed with Gerald M. Phillips. Last year, GMP described his point-of-view about making connections in a post to the IPCT list. To: IPCT-L From: Gerald M. Phillips Date: April 6, 1994 Subject: Re: communities "Network is an ambiguous term but it is commonly used to describe aggregates of people in electronic contact. See Rheingold. I am using his language. Perhaps the phrase "contact point" would be more appropriate. The lists provide opportunity for contact. Obviously they are constructed differently. I am on a functioning focus group list where the topic is restricted and we are expected to form factions. The social list was developed so that we could become social and indeed it has materialized a great number of site visits and personal gatherings. My inquiry is about how the ecology of the "contact points" affect mutual decisions to sustain contact off list. If contact is made, what is it used for. "There are of course, the legends about the romances which catch the public eye. But I have gained two co-authors and contracted now ten books from contact made on various lists. I see it as a remarkable opportunity. I have also accomplished personal friendships, but I am a special needs person. I cannot get out to meet new people. This is my exclusive "contact point." "I am inquiring into what happens with ordinary people. What happens with our audience, the so-called lurkers." Are people who post to IPCT performers on a stage? Are they authors of sorts? If they are in conflict, what is the purpose? Is it all for ego or is there eleemosynary zeal to instruct? "We have a new social ecology here and it warrants investigation." ----------------------------------------------------------------- + Page 3 + A little over two years ago, I first made contact with Gerald M. Phillips. As a new subscriber to IPCT-L, his signature line caught my attention as it scrolled down my screen. GMP was asking for articles to be submitted to this journal. I submitted a paper, it was accepted and our relationship began. During those two years, we shared daily email messages and I went to visit him at State College several times. Together we began to explore the new social ecology of cyberspace. He told me about his 44 books and many years of research on interpersonal relationships. In exchange, I told him about my Ph.D. dissertation and research projects in the media ecology program at NYU. Finally, we started working together. This issue of the IPCT Journal was a combined effort between GMP and myself. The articles in this issue present a diverse range of ideas about the social ecology of the internet and CMC. In this issue, Lance Strate examines the concept of "cybertime" and how people perceive time in electronic space. D.R. Newman, Brian Webb and Clive Cochrane describe a content analysis method developed to measure critical thinking in face-to-face and computer seminars. Dick Cutler explains the relationships between personal presence and electronic community. Finally, Scott London discusses "teledemocracy." While, the topics are broad, a connection was made between these authors and IPCT's editor GMP. For almost three years, GMP has been the editor of the IPCT Journal. As an editor, he was very generous. GMP knew how to find the right reviewer to help an unpublished author shape-up an article. He also had a sense about what should and should not be published. His editorial skills assisted authors in a wide range of publishing projects. A number of people who started to correspond with GMP through the internet, soon found themselves with a book contract. As a pioneer of cyberspace, GMP used this medium to help people make publishing connections and to publish his own ideas. + Page 4 + But, in addition to professional connections, he also made personal friendships. GMP's witty messages and sagely advice have acted like magnets to attract people. This magnetism has enticed people from all over the world to engage with him in lively conversation, friendly banter, heated debates, and witty discussions. This is GMP's greatest legacy to the internet. His ability to make connections between people. GMP acted as a catalyst to spin a web of relationships between individuals, academic colleagues, students and teachers, scholars and journals, and authors and publishers. This is a web that now continues to weave itself around the world and back again as we continue to make new contact points. GMP's generous contributions and personal presence will be missed on the internet. But, the projects he started, people he connected and the ideas he shared continue on. The best tribute to GMP any of us could make, would be to continue to explore, research and write about the many questions he raised concerning the new social ecology evolving in internet relationships. In conclusion, I would like to share this statement that GMP wrote about internet relationships: "But consider, if you will, the power of this medium. It can bring us closer to people than we have ever come before, it can build hopes, and fantasies, and it can dash them. It can bring people together in perfect harmony or it can set them against each other like contending pit bulls." Susan B. Barnes, Editor Send submissions to: barnessu@sfitva.cc.fitsuny.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------- Susan B. Barnes Assistant Professor, Marymount Manhattan College Adjunct Assistant Professor, Fashion Institute of Technology, State University of New York Address: 1200 Broadway, Suite 3G, New York, N.Y. 10001 + Page 5 + --------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Retrieval Instructions for Articles GOPHER IPCT Journal, including all back issues, is available via gopher from GUVM.CCF.GEORGETOWN.EDU (or 141.161.71.1). Point your gopher to this location (port 70) and select from the top menu, "LISTSERV maintained Files and Notelogs/." Alternatively, coming in via Gopher menus, from "Other Gopher Sites" or "International Gopher Networks," follow the menus down: North America/USA/Washington D.C./Georgetown University /Information Systems/Listserv maintained Files and Notelogs. (Note: The IPCT-L Discussion List Notelogs can be found here, too.) LISTSERV Articles are stored as files at LISTSERV@GUVM.BITnet. To retrieve a file interactively, send the GET command that appears both before and after the article abstract to LISTSERV@GUVM. To retrieve the article as a e-mail message add F=MAIL to your interactive message, or send an e-mail note in the following format: To:listserv@guvm.georgetown.edu ---------------------- GET IPCTV3N2 The GET command GET IPCTV3N2 PACKAGE will retrieve the entire issue. [WARNING: This will send all 5 files with a total of over 3700 lines.] The listserv's Internet address is LISTSERV@GUVM.GEORGETOWN.EDU Back issues of the journal are also stored at LISTSERV@GUVM. To obtain a list of all available files, send the following message to LISTSERV@GUVM: INDEX IPCT-J. The name of each issue's table of contents file begins with the word "CONTENTS". + Page 6 + FTP IPCT-J articles can be retreived by FTP (File Transfer Protocol. FTP to GUVM.CCF.GEORGETOWN.EDU or 141.161.71.1, logon IPCT-J, password is GUEST. All IPCT-J files are currently archived in ASCII format only. If you experience difficulties with these instructions, please consult your local site administrator for specific instructions that may apply to your system. --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. Contents DISTRIBUTED PRESENCE AND COMMUNITY IN CYBERSPACE Richard H. Cutler, Fordham University To retrieve this article GET CUTLER IPCTV3N2 Today the technology of cyberspace is creating the social situation for the formation of a new understanding of community. In response to the environment in which people find themselves working and living, they appropriate the technology for their own needs. The consequent social space is the fertile ground for new social relationships, roles, and a sense of self. Interaction is the key feature of cyberspace in the exchange of information from which a sense of self and control can be built. The result of new senses of self is a new sense of presence that fills the space to form fluid forms of community. Community for persons living in a technological environment is shifting from culture-defining mass media to that of a proliferation of media as alternative sources of mediated experience. Each aspect of this new social situation will be investigated in turn: the features of cyberspace, the response of human needs, and the building of community through presence. To retrieve this article GET CUTLER IPCTV3N2 Lines: 833 Page numbers: 12 - 32 + Page 7 + ---------- TELEDEMOCRACY VS. DELIBERATIVE DEMOCRACY A Comparative Look at Two Models of Public Talk Scott London To retrieve this article GET LONDON IPCTV3N2 This paper examines the differences between two models of public talk. The first, which I call "teledemocracy" (literally "democracy at a distance"), has been getting a lot of play in recent years thanks in part to a dazzling array of new communications technologies. Its advocates contend that innovative forms of electronic discourse can remedy many of the shortcomings of representative democracy in a contemporary mass society such as ours. The second model "deliberative democracy" is founded on the principles of reasoned dialogue and deliberation. To retrieve this article GET LONDON IPCTV3N2 Lines: 947 Page numbers: 33-55 ---------- A CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD TO MEASURE CRITICAL THINKING IN FACE-TO-FACE AND COMPUTER SUPPORTED GROUP LEARNING D. R. Newman, Brian Webb and Clive Cochrane Queen's University Belfast, Information Management Dept. To retrieve this article GET NEWMAN IPCTV3N2 This paper gives a detailed account of the content analysis method developed at Queen's University Belfast to measure critical thinking during group learning, as used in our controlled comparisons between learning in face-to-face and computer conference seminars. From Garrison's 5 stages of critical thinking, and Henri's cognitive skills needed in CMC, we have developed two research instruments: a student questionnaire and this content analysis method. The content analysis relies on identifying, within transcripts, examples of indicators of obviously critical and obviously uncritical thinking, from which several critical thinking ratios can be calculated. To retrieve this article GET NEWMAN IPCTV3N2 Lines: 892 Page numbers: 56 - 77 + Page 8 + ---------- EXPERIENCING CYBERTIME: COMPUTING AS ACTIVITY AND EVENT Lance Strate To retrieve this article GET STRATE IPCTV3N2 The concept of cyberspace implies the corresponding concept of cybertime, meaning that we need to take into account both the spatial and temporal phenomenon associated with computer media, and we need to better frame computing in terms of both space and time. Cybertime is broken down into three main elements, the computerUs time-telling function (how it constructs an internal sense of time and measures the passage of time in the outside world, in order to coordinate actions and events), the computerUs representational function (how, as a medium, it conveys a sense of dramatic, fictional, or symbolic time, as well as a sense of past, present, and future), and our own subjective experience of time as we interact with and through computer media (how computing constitutes a human activity and an event that influences our perception of time). This article focuses on the latter, in particular on the sense of timelessness associated with computing. This understanding of cybertime is then used to better understand the relationship between computing and our sense of self and community. To retrieve this article GET STRATE IPCTV3N2 Lines: 572 Page numbers: 78 - 91 ----------------------------------------------------------------- + Page 9 + 4. Editorial Board PUBLISHER: Center for Teaching and Technology, Academic Computing Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. EDITOR: Gerald M. Phillips, Professor Emeritus PSU. EDITORIAL BOARD: Zane L. Berge, Ph.D. Director, Center for Teaching and Technology. Academic Computer Center, Georgetown University Gerald M. Santoro, Ph.D. Center for Academic Computing, Pennsylvania State University MANAGING EDITOR: Mauri Collins, M.A Program Assistant, Center for the Study of Distance Education, Pennsylvania State University ASSOCIATE EDITORS: Susan Barnes (Communication), Manhattan Marymount College. Manuel Bermudez (Computer and Information Sciences), University of Florida. Thomas Berner (Journalism and American Studies), the Pennsylvania State University. Morton Cotlar (Management), University of Hawaii Paulo DaSilva (Computer Science Dept), Military Institute of Engineering, Sao Paulo, BR. + Page 10 + Gordon Dixon (Institute of Advanced Studies), Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. William Eadie (Associate Director), Speech Communication Association Jill Ellsworth (Senior Partner), Oak Ridge Research, San Marcos, TX. Theodore S. Hopf (Communication), Washington State University. Alice Horning (English), Oakland University Vladimir Klonowski World Open University & Canadian Consulting and Tutoring Services, Halifax, NS, Canada Donald Kraft (Computer Science), Louisiana State University. Scott Kuehn (Communication), Clarion University of Pennsylvania Edward Mabry (Communication), University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Cecelia Manrique (Political Science), University of Wisconsin, Lacross, WI Mary McGraw (Customer Support Analyst, Information Services, Shands Hospital at the University of Florida Rory McGreal (Executive Director), TeleEducation New Brunswick, CA. Rob McKenzie (Broadcasting), East Stroudsburg State University of Pennsylvania. Anne Okerson (Scientific and Academic Publishing), Association of Research Libraries. David Schroeder (Business Administration), Valparaiso University Katy Silberger (Library), Marist College. + Page 11 + David Sims (Veterinary Medicine), University of Prince Edward Island, CA. Wendy Snetsinger (Instructional Systems), the Pennsylvania State University. Janet Valade (Academic Technology), California State University, Los Angeles. John Wooten (Educational Technology), Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Amy Zelmer (Health Science), Central Queensland University, AU --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interpersonal Computing and Technology: An Electronic Journal for the 21st Century Copyright 1995 Georgetown University. Copyright of individual articles in this publication is retained by the individual authors. Copyright of the compilation as a whole is held by Georgetown University. It is asked that any republication of this article state that the article was first published in IPCT-J. Contributions to IPCT-J can be submitted by electronic mail in APA style to: BARNESSU@SFITVA.CC.FITSUNY.EDU